1. What does group membership mean? How should we measure it? Ingroup vs. outgroup.

群体会员的意思是什麽?我们应如何衡量?圈内与圈外。
2. It was found that the implicit effect of stereotype and
ingroup favoritism remarkably existed;

研究表明:刻板印象和内群体偏爱的内隐效应明显地存在;
3.
ingroup The
ingroup is the group actually studied by an investigator working on genealogical relationships between taxa.

内群在分类单元之间的亲缘关系方面的调查工作,内群是实际上被研究的群。